N. Morshedzadeh, AR. Ahmadi, R. Tahmasebi, R. Tavasolian, J. Heshmati and M. Rahimlou (2022). Impact of low-carbohydrate diet on serum levels of leptin and adiponectin levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis in adult. Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders, 21(1), 979-990. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-021-00952-7

PubMed 35673497

[Abstract]
BACKGROUND: Various studies have evaluated the effects of low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) on serum concentrations of adipokines. Although the association between LCD and serum levels of leptin and adiponectin has been studied extensively, the results were not consistent.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the effect of LCD on serum levels of leptin and adiponectin.

DESIGN: Electronic databases were retrieved in PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science to search relevant publications. Pooled standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated by the random-effect model. Cochrane Q test and I2 statistic were used to test heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were applied to assess possible sources of heterogeneity.

RESULTS: A total of thirty-five articles were included in final analysis. Meta-analysis results revealed no statistical association between LCD and adiponectin concentration (WMD: 0.32 ng/ml, 95% CI: - 0.02, 0.66, p=0.062). Subgroup analysis showed that LCD increased adiponectin concentration in subjects under 45 years old and in studies with long term duration intervention. Also, did not observe a significant effect from the LCD on serum concentration of leptin (WMD: - 0.77 ng/ml, 95% CI: -3.15, 1.61, P=0.409). Subgroup analysis did not show any new information. The results of this study did not support the evidence for the positive effects of LCD on serum leptin and adiponectin levels.