CA. Noble and RF. Kushner (2006). An update on low-carbohydrate, high-protein diets. Current opinion in gastroenterology, 22(2), 153-9. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mog.0000203868.15082.2c

PubMed 16462172

[Abstract]
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The use of low-carbohydrate diets in weight loss is an area of great controversy. In recent years, a significant amount of research has been conducted to evaluate the efficacy of these diets. This review aims to discuss mechanisms of action for weight loss; to assess impact on metabolic parameters including insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular risk parameters and to evaluate the data regarding safety and effectiveness for weight loss.

RECENT FINDINGS: Most studies demonstrate that subjects following low carbohydrate diets lose more weight over the first 3-6 months than subjects consuming control diets. This weight loss is not sustained, however, at 1 year. Carbohydrate controlled diets may be associated with increased insulin sensitivity and improved glycemic control. High carbohydrate, low fat diets appear to have a more favorable impact on total and LDL cholesterol, whereas low carbohydrate diets have been shown to significantly decrease triglyceride and increase HDL cholesterol levels in short-term studies.

SUMMARY: Low carbohydrate diets may be effective in helping people to lose weight. More long-term studies need to be performed, however, to better evaluate efficacy, safety, and impact on metabolic profile.