CM. Sumbilla, CL. Zielke, WD. Reed, PT. Ozand and HR. Zielke (1981). Comparison of the oxidation of glutamine, glucose, ketone bodies and fatty acids by human diploid fibroblasts. Biochimica et biophysica acta, 675(2), 301-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4165(81)90242-7

PubMed 7272339

[Abstract]
The contribution of glutamine, glucose, ketone bodies and fatty acids to the oxidative energy metabolism of human diploid fibroblasts ws studied. The rate of glutamine oxidation by fibroblasts was 98 nmol/h per mg cell protein compared to 2 nmol/h per mg cell protein or less for glucose, acetoacetate, D-3-hydroxybutyrate, octanoic acid and palmitic acid. Glucose inhibited glutamine oxidation by 85%, while the other substrates had no effect. Therefore, these cells meet their energy requirement almost solely by anaerobic glycolysis and glutamine oxidation.