G. Endemann, PG. Goetz, JF. Tomera, WM. Rand, S. Desrochers and H. Brunengraber (1987). Lipogenesis from ketone bodies in the perfused rat liver: effects of acetate and ethanol. Biochemistry and cell biology = Biochimie et biologie cellulaire, 65(11), 989-96. https://doi.org/10.1139/o87-129

PubMed 3442632

[Abstract]
The interactions between acetate or ethanol metabolism, lipogenesis, and ketone body utilization have been studied in isolated livers from fed rats perfused with 15 mM glucose and 10 mM acetate or ethanol. The contribution of acetate to ketogenesis is constant; on the other hand, the contribution of ethanol to ketogenesis increases with time, presumably because of the accumulation of acetate in the perfusate. Ketogenesis is decreased in the presence of ethanol (but not acetate), while ketone body utilization is not affected by ethanol or acetate. Acetate contributes one third and ethanol contributes one half of the carbon incorporated into fatty acids and 3-beta-hydroxysterols. Only a small fraction (less than 5%) of the incorporation of acetate or ethanol into fatty acids and sterols occurs via transient incorporation into ketone bodies.