L. Nylund, NO. Lunell, B. Persson, BB. Fredholm and H. Lagercrantz (1988). Smoking exerts a ketogenic influence in diabetic pregnancy. Gynecologic and obstetric investigation, 25(1), 35-7. https://doi.org/10.1159/000293742

PubMed 3125093

[Abstract]
Acute cardiovascular and metabolic responses to the smoking of two cigarettes were studied in 12 normal and 7 diabetic women in the last trimester of pregnancy. When the responses to smoking were compared between the healthy and diabetic women no statistically significant difference was found except for 3-hydroxybutyric acid where diabetic women but not the normal patients reacted with a pronounced increase. It is concluded that smoking exerts a ketogenic influence in diabetic pregnancy.