M. Ahmed, MJ. McKenna and RK. Crowley (2017). DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES RECENTLY COMMENCED ON SGLT-2 INHIBITORS: AN ONGOING CONCERN. Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, 23(4), 506-508. https://doi.org/10.4158/EP161447.LT

PubMed 28437153

[Abstract]
OBJECTIVE: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are increasingly used as an adjunctive treatment for type 2 diabetes. We report the occurrence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in 3 patients with type 2 diabetes recently commenced on SGLT-2 inhibitors.

METHODS: Clinical presentation, laboratory data, and treatment outcomes of all 3 cases are described.

RESULTS: All 3 patients had documented history of longstanding type 2 diabetes. The presentation in all patients was that of hyperglycaemia, acidosis, and ketosis occurring within 4 weeks of commencing SGLT-2 inhibitors. The risk factors for developing DKA were infection, myocardial infarction, and alcohol excess. DKA resolved within 24 hours of initiating intravenous fluids and insulin in all cases.

CONCLUSION: This case series illustrates the importance of careful patient selection, education, and monitoring when starting this group of antidiabetic medications.

ABBREVIATIONS: DKA = diabetic ketoacidosis SGLT-2 = sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 T2D = type 2 diabetes.