DS. Bruyette (1997). Diabetic ketoacidosis. Seminars in veterinary medicine and surgery (small animal), 12(4), 239-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1096-2867(97)80016-3

PubMed 10889872

[Abstract]
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a complex and potentially fatal metabolic disorder in patients with diabetes mellitus. An understanding of the pathophysiology of DKA is essential in order to optimize patient management. A combination of insulin deficiency, increased stress hormone levels, and volume depletion account for the laboratory abnormalities and clinical signs observed in these patients. Successful therapy depends upon correction of hyperglycemia, dehydration, and electrolyte and blood gas abnormalities.